Manganese is a naturally occurring element that can be found in soil, rocks, and groundwater. When present in high levels in drinking water, manganese can have several implications for human health and the environment.
- Health Effects: Long-term exposure to high levels of manganese in drinking water may lead to neurological effects such as tremors, cognitive deficits, and behavioral changes. It has also been associated with developmental delays in children.
- Staining: High levels of manganese in drinking water can cause brownish-black stains on clothing, appliances, and plumbing fixtures. This can be a cosmetic issue but may also indicate a problem with the water quality.
- Taste and Odor: Manganese in drinking water can cause a metallic taste and unpleasant odor, making the water less desirable to drink.
- Environmental Impact: High levels of manganese in water can affect the aquatic environment, leading to the growth of harmful algae and the depletion of oxygen in the water. This can have negative impacts on fish and other aquatic life.
It is important to note that the implications of manganese in drinking water can vary depending on the level of exposure and individual susceptibility. It is recommended that drinking water be tested regularly to ensure that it meets the guidelines set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
References:
- United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). Manganese in Drinking Water. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-04/documents/manganese_drinking_water.pdf
- World Health Organization. (2011). Manganese in Drinking-water: Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/manganese.pdf
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2012). Toxicological Profile for Manganese. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp151.pdf